OpenOnco · LARYNGEAL · L1 · CISPLATIN-CONCURRENT-RT-LARYNX
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OpenOnco · Treatment Plan
Treatment plan — Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
PLAN-VERIFIED-LARYNGEAL-L1-LARYNGEAL_LA_1L_CRT-V1 · v1 · 2026-07-15
Patient
VERIFIED-LARYNGEAL-L1-LARYNGEAL_LA_1L_CRT · Algorithm: ALGO-LARYNGEAL-1L
DiagnosisLaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
MOH / ICD-10C32
ICD-O-38070/3; C32

Etiological driver

Etiological driver · etiologically_driven archetype
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
  • Tobacco smoking — dominant; >90% attributable in heavy smokers
  • Alcohol consumption — synergistic with tobacco (multiplicative risk)
  • Occupational asbestos / nickel / wood-dust exposure (smaller incremental risk)
  • HPV — small subset of supraglottic SCC (clinically less relevant than HPV+OPSCC)
  • Prior laryngeal radiation

Clinical significance of mutations (ESCAT)

Tumor-board context — the engine does not use these tiers to rank tracks
BiomarkerVariantESCATEvidenceClinical significanceDrugsSources
No clinically actionable variants matched in this profile.

Primary current-line option

Local therapy plan
★ DEFAULT
Indication
IND-LARYNGEAL-LA-1L-CRT
Regimen
Cisplatin concurrent with definitive RT (larynx-preservation CRT; RTOG 91-11)
Drugs + NSZU
  • Cisplatin (DRUG-CISPLATIN) 100 mg/m² IV day 1 (preferred when ECOG 0-1, GFR ≥60, no neuropathy / ototoxicity / heart failure) · Day 1 of each 21-day cycle x3 cycles (days 1, 22, 43), concurrent with a 7-week definitive RT course · IV ⚠ NSZU — not for this indication
Reason
Provisional current-line default from ALGO-LARYNGEAL-1L: step 1 did not select a treatment branch. Histologic confirmation and complete staging workup (direct laryngoscopy/panendoscopy under anesthesia, cross-sectional imaging) required before treatment-pathway selection.

Other current-line alternatives (6 tracks)

Same treatment line; review when biomarker, access, contraindication, or patient-context assumptions change.
Local therapy plan
Indication
IND-LARYNGEAL-EARLY-GLOTTIC-1L-RT
Regimen
Reason
Current-line alternative presented for HCP consideration
Local therapy plan
Indication
IND-LARYNGEAL-EARLY-GLOTTIC-1L-TLM
Regimen
Reason
Current-line alternative presented for HCP consideration
Local therapy plan
Indication
IND-LARYNGEAL-LA-1L-TOTAL-LARYNGECTOMY
Regimen
Reason
Current-line alternative presented for HCP consideration
Standard plan
Indication
IND-LARYNGEAL-RM-1L-PEMBRO-CHEMO
Regimen
Pembrolizumab + 5-FU + platinum (HNSCC R/M, 1L; PD-L1 CPS ≥1)
Drugs + NSZU
  • Pembrolizumab (DRUG-PEMBROLIZUMAB) 200 mg IV (or 400 mg IV q6w) · Day 1 every 3 weeks (or q6w schedule), for up to 35 cycles (~2 years) or until progression / unacceptable toxicity · IV ⚠ NSZU — not for this indication
  • 5-Fluorouracil (DRUG-5-FLUOROURACIL) 1000 mg/m² IV continuous infusion days 1-4 (96-hour infusion) · Days 1-4 of 21-day cycle, for 6 cycles · IV ⚠ NSZU — not for this indication
  • Cisplatin (DRUG-CISPLATIN) 100 mg/m² IV day 1 (preferred when ECOG 0-1, GFR ≥60, no neuropathy / ototoxicity / heart failure) · Day 1 of 21-day cycle, for 6 cycles · IV ⚠ NSZU — not for this indication
  • Carboplatin (DRUG-CARBOPLATIN) AUC 5 IV day 1 (substitute for cisplatin if contraindicated — GFR <60, neuropathy, hearing loss, congestive heart failure, or ECOG 2) · Day 1 of 21-day cycle, for 6 cycles (in lieu of cisplatin) · IV ⚠ NSZU — not for this indication
Reason
Current-line alternative presented for HCP consideration
Aggressive plan
Indication
IND-LARYNGEAL-RM-1L-PEMBRO-MONO-CPS-HIGH
Regimen
Pembrolizumab monotherapy (HNSCC R/M, 1L; PD-L1 CPS ≥20)
Drugs + NSZU
  • Pembrolizumab (DRUG-PEMBROLIZUMAB) 200 mg IV q3w (or 400 mg IV q6w) · Day 1 every 3 weeks (or q6w), for up to 35 cycles (~2 years) or until progression / unacceptable toxicity · IV ⚠ NSZU — not for this indication
Reason
Current-line alternative presented for HCP consideration
Standard plan
Indication
IND-LARYNGEAL-RM-1L-EXTREME
Regimen
EXTREME (cetuximab + cisplatin/carboplatin + 5-FU; HNSCC R/M, 1L)
Drugs + NSZU
  • Cetuximab (DRUG-CETUXIMAB) Loading 400 mg/m² IV day 1; then 250 mg/m² IV weekly · Loading dose week 1; weekly maintenance through chemotherapy and beyond as monotherapy until progression / toxicity · IV ⚠ NSZU — not for this indication
  • Cisplatin (DRUG-CISPLATIN) 100 mg/m² IV day 1 (preferred when ECOG 0-1, GFR ≥60, no neuropathy / ototoxicity / heart failure) · Day 1 of 21-day cycle, for up to 6 cycles · IV ⚠ NSZU — not for this indication
  • Carboplatin (DRUG-CARBOPLATIN) AUC 5 IV day 1 (substitute for cisplatin if contraindicated — GFR <60, neuropathy, hearing loss, congestive heart failure, or ECOG 2) · Day 1 of 21-day cycle, for up to 6 cycles (in lieu of cisplatin) · IV ⚠ NSZU — not for this indication
  • 5-Fluorouracil (DRUG-5-FLUOROURACIL) 1000 mg/m² IV continuous infusion days 1-4 (96-hour infusion) · Days 1-4 of 21-day cycle, for up to 6 cycles · IV ⚠ NSZU — not for this indication
Reason
Current-line alternative presented for HCP consideration

Pre-treatment investigations

Investigations before treatment start · critical / standard / desired · merged across tracks
IDNamePriorityCategoryWhere to orderNeeded for
TEST-CBCComplete Blood Count with DifferentialCriticallablocal_therapy
TEST-CMPComprehensive Metabolic PanelCriticallablocal_therapy
TEST-PDL1-IHCPD-L1 IHC (TPS for NSCLC)CriticalCSD Lab ✓ (code TBC)aggressive, standard
TEST-RENAL-FUNCTION-EGFRRenal function with eGFRCriticallablocal_therapy
TEST-AUDIOMETRYAudiometryStandardclinical_assessmentlocal_therapy
TEST-CT-NECK-THORAX-ABDOMEN-PELVISCT neck/thorax/abdomen/pelvisStandardimaginglocal_therapy

Red flags — PRO / CONTRA aggressive

PRO-AGGRESSIVE

Triggers that push toward the aggressive track
  • Active or latent infection requiring resolution / prophylaxis before initiating cisplatin-based chemoradiation, cetuximab + RT, or pembrolizumab in HNSCC: HBsAg-positive (HBV reactivation on cytotoxic chemotherapy + checkpoint inhibitors), anti-HBc-positive (occult HBV on cetuximab — anti-EGFR class), HIV-positive (ART coordination, often comorbid in HPV-related HNSCC), or active TB.
    Cetuximab — anti-EGFR mAb — has documented HBV reactivation reports (less than rituximab but non-zero); FDA label notes warning. Standard HBsAg + anti-HBc + anti-HBs serology pre-treatment; entecavir / tenofovir for HBsAg+. HIV-related…
    RF-HNSCC-INFECTION-SCREENINGSRC-NCCN-HNSCC-2025SRC-ESMO-HNSCC-2020
  • Baseline organ dysfunction precluding standard cisplatin-based chemoradiation or pembrolizumab + 5-FU + cisplatin / cetuximab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: CrCl <60 mL/min (cisplatin contraindicated at full dose, switch to carboplatin or cetuximab), hearing loss / ototoxicity baseline (cisplatin contraindicated), LVEF <50% (5-FU cardiac risk), bilirubin >3× ULN (taxane / 5-FU metabolism), or severe peripheral neuropathy (cisplatin + taxane contraindicated).
    Cisplatin-based CRT is the curative-intent standard (Intergroup 0099, TAX 324, EORTC 24891) but ~30% of HNSCC patients are cisplatin- ineligible at presentation due to age + organ dysfunction. CrCl <60: switch to carboplatin (RTOG 81-17…
    RF-HNSCC-ORGAN-DYSFUNCTIONSRC-NCCN-HNSCC-2025SRC-ESMO-HNSCC-2020
  • Feature precluding larynx-preservation chemoradiation (RTOG 91-11 concurrent cisplatin + RT) as the preferred locally advanced treatment pathway, favoring primary total laryngectomy instead: radiographic cartilage invasion / destruction, tumor extension through cartilage into extralaryngeal soft tissue, substantial (≥1 cm) invasion of the tongue base, or pretreatment laryngeal dysfunction (severe aspiration, or feeding-tube / tracheostomy dependence) indicating a non-functional larynx that organ- preservation therapy would not salvage.
    STUB pending Clinical Co-Lead sign-off (CHARTER §6.1). Larynx- preservation-candidacy gate for locally advanced laryngeal SCC — routes ALGO-LARYNGEAL-1L step 5 to primary total laryngectomy instead of RTOG 91-11 concurrent chemoradiation…
    RF-LARYNGEAL-POOR-PRESERVATION-CANDIDACYSRC-NCCN-HNSCC-2025SRC-RTOG-9111-FORASTIERE-2003

CONTRA-AGGRESSIVE

Hard contraindications to escalation

What NOT to do

Explicit prohibitive rules, each grounded in a regimen / supportive care / contraindication entity
Local therapy plan (IND-LARYNGEAL-LA-1L-CRT)
  • Do not offer concurrent cisplatin CRT to patients with cartilage invasion, a non-functional larynx, or other RF-LARYNGEAL-POOR-PRESERVATION-CANDIDACY features — primary total laryngectomy is preferred.
  • Do not initiate high-dose cisplatin without baseline audiometry and renal function assessment.
  • Do not omit post-treatment surveillance laryngoscopy — salvage laryngectomy remains available for recurrence.
Local therapy plan (IND-LARYNGEAL-EARLY-GLOTTIC-1L-RT)
  • Do not omit MDT discussion of the TLM alternative before defaulting to RT — the choice is preference/expertise-driven, not oncologically forced.
  • Do not skip baseline voice/laryngeal function assessment before treatment.
Local therapy plan (IND-LARYNGEAL-EARLY-GLOTTIC-1L-TLM)
  • Do not perform TLM without adequate transoral exposure and visualization of tumor margins — poor exposure increases positive-margin risk.
  • Do not omit MDT discussion of definitive RT as an equally effective alternative.
Local therapy plan (IND-LARYNGEAL-LA-1L-TOTAL-LARYNGECTOMY)
  • Do not proceed to total laryngectomy without MDT discussion of the larynx-preservation CRT alternative when the patient is a candidate.
  • Do not omit voice-rehabilitation counseling and referral before surgery.
  • Do not omit postoperative pathology review (margins, extranodal extension) when determining adjuvant RT dose / need for concurrent chemotherapy.
Standard plan (IND-LARYNGEAL-RM-1L-PEMBRO-CHEMO)
  • Do NOT initiate immunotherapy without confirmed PD-L1 CPS testing on representative tumor tissue (biopsy preferred).
  • Do NOT use cisplatin in patients with GFR <60, gr ≥2 hearing loss, gr ≥2 neuropathy, or significant CHF — switch to carboplatin AUC 5.
  • Do NOT continue pembrolizumab through gr ≥3 immune-related AE without high-dose corticosteroid initiation + multidisciplinary irAE management.
Aggressive plan (IND-LARYNGEAL-RM-1L-PEMBRO-MONO-CPS-HIGH)
  • Do NOT use pembrolizumab monotherapy in CPS <20 — chemo-IO or EXTREME is preferred.
  • Do NOT use pembrolizumab monotherapy as 1L in rapidly progressive / visceral-crisis disease — early progression risk before IO kinetics establish.
  • Do NOT continue pembrolizumab through gr ≥3 immune-related AE without high-dose corticosteroid initiation + multidisciplinary irAE management.
Standard plan (IND-LARYNGEAL-RM-1L-EXTREME)
  • Do not prescribe EXTREME without HPV testing — HPV+ status does not change EXTREME selection in the recurrent setting, but is prognostically relevant.
  • Do not skip baseline GFR / audiogram / neuropathy assessment before cisplatin — carboplatin is an acceptable substitute if there are any contraindications.
  • Do not use cetuximab without premedication at the first infusion — anaphylaxis risk (alpha-gal IgE).

Timeline

Treatment timeline — derived from regimen + monitoring schedule

Local therapy plan

Induction · Cisplatin concurrent with definitive RT (larynx-preservation CRT; RTOG 91-11)
21-day cycles × 3 cycles (days 1, 22, 43) concurrent with 70 Gy / 35 fx definitive RT

Standard plan

Induction · Pembrolizumab + 5-FU + platinum (HNSCC R/M, 1L; PD-L1 CPS ≥1)
21-day cycles × 6 cycles of chemotherapy backbone, then pembrolizumab maintenance up to 35 cycles total (~2 years)

Aggressive plan

Induction · Pembrolizumab monotherapy (HNSCC R/M, 1L; PD-L1 CPS ≥20)
21-day cycles × Up to 35 cycles (~2 years) or until progression

Standard plan

Induction · EXTREME (cetuximab + cisplatin/carboplatin + 5-FU; HNSCC R/M, 1L)
21-day cycles × Up to 6 cycles of chemotherapy backbone; cetuximab continued weekly as monotherapy until progression or unacceptable toxicity

MDT brief

Discussion questions (2, 0 blocking)

MDT talk tree (3 steps)

#OwnerTopicAction
1hematologistStaging / disease burden What is the current LDH? Marker of tumor burden and transformation.
2pathologistBiomarker status What is the status of PD-L1 Combined Positive Score (CPS) (BIO-PDL1-CPS)? It is required by track(s): IND-LARYNGEAL-RM-1L-PEMBRO-CHEMO, IND-LARYNGEAL-RM-1L-PEMBRO-MONO-CPS-HIGH, IND-LARYNGEAL-RM-1L-EXTREME. Expected value: CPS ≥1.
3clinical_pharmacistSpecialist review Chemoimmunotherapy regimen — drug-drug interactions, dose adjustments, premedication.

Skills (recommended) — for consideration (1)

  • Clinical pharmacist recommended
    Chemoimmunotherapy regimen — drug-drug interactions, dose adjustments, premedication.

Data quality

Usable with caveats. No critical default-track gap was found, but the MDT should review the listed caveats before final sign-off.
  • Biomarker coverage: 0/1 known (0%), 1 missing, 0 default-track gaps
  • Unevaluated RedFlags: RF-LARYNGEAL-POOR-PRESERVATION-CANDIDACY
Missing biomarkerLabelMDT ownerDefault trackRequired byNext action
BIO-PDL1-CPSPD-L1 Combined Positive Score (CPS)pathologistnoIND-LARYNGEAL-RM-1L-PEMBRO-CHEMO, IND-LARYNGEAL-RM-1L-PEMBRO-MONO-CPS-HIGH, IND-LARYNGEAL-RM-1L-EXTREMEVerify result, method, specimen, and report date before sign-off. Expected/constraint: CPS ≥1
Technical MDT skill metadata (1/16 activated in this plan)
All registered virtual specialists. ✓ — activated for this case; ○ — not activated (available for other clinical scenarios).
Specialistskill_idVersionLast reviewedSign-offsDomain
Cellular therapy specialist (CAR-T)cellular_therapy_specialistv0.1.02026-04-250cellular_therapy
Clinical pharmacistclinical_pharmacistv0.1.02026-04-250clinical_pharmacy
Hematologist / oncohematologisthematologistv0.1.02026-04-250hematology_oncology
Hematopathologist (lymphoma / leukemia / myeloma)hematopathologistv0.1.02026-04-250hematopathology
Infectious disease / hepatologyinfectious_disease_hepatologyv0.1.02026-04-250infectious_diseases
Medical oncologist (solid-tumor chemotherapist)medical_oncologistv0.1.02026-04-250solid_oncology
Molecular geneticist / molecular oncologistmolecular_geneticistv0.1.02026-04-250molecular_oncology
Palliative carepalliative_carev0.1.02026-04-250palliative_care
Pathologist (general)pathologistv0.1.02026-04-250pathology
Primary care / family physicianprimary_carev0.1.02026-04-250primary_care
Psycho-oncologistpsychologistv0.1.02026-04-250psychosocial
Radiation oncologistradiation_oncologistv0.1.02026-04-250radiation_oncology
Radiologistradiologistv0.1.02026-04-250diagnostic_imaging
Social worker / case managersocial_worker_case_managerv0.1.02026-04-250psychosocial
Surgical oncologistsurgical_oncologistv0.1.02026-04-250surgical_oncology
Transplant specialist (BMT)transplant_specialistv0.1.02026-04-250cellular_therapy

Sources cited

Experimental options (clinical trials)

Third plan track — open-enrollment trials from ClinicalTrials.gov. Render-time metadata; engine selection is not affected by this block (CHARTER §8.3). Last synced: 2026-07-15.
NCTTitlePhaseStatusSponsorUASignalsEligibility (excerpt)
NCT04671667Testing What Happens When an Immunotherapy Drug (Pembrolizumab) is Given by Itself Compared to the Usual Treatment of Chemotherapy With Radiation After Surgery for Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell CarcinomaPHASE2RECRUITINGNational Cancer Institute (NCI)Single country
NCT01810913Testing Docetaxel-Cetuximab or the Addition of an Immunotherapy Drug, Atezolizumab, to the Usual Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy in High-Risk Head and Neck CancerPHASE2 / PHASE3RECRUITINGNational Cancer Institute (NCI)
NCT06662058Remote Audiometry to Monitor for Treatment-Related Hearing Loss in Patients With H&N SCC Receiving Cisplatin and/or RadiationNARECRUITINGEmory UniversitySingle country
NCT06914999Comparing an Investigational Scan (F-18 NaF PET/CT) to Standard of Care Imaging (F-18 FDG PET/CT) for Evaluating Vascular Complications in Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck CancerEARLY_PHASE1RECRUITINGEmory UniversitySmall N (<50) Single country
NCT06579248Intraoral Hypothermia Device for Preserving Taste During RadiationEARLY_PHASE1RECRUITINGHenry Ford Health SystemSmall N (<50) Single country
NCT06648096Afatinib in Patients With Fanconi Anemia (FA) and Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)PHASE1 / PHASE2RECRUITINGFundació Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauSmall N (<50) Surrogate endpoint only
NCT03114462Trial of Stereotactic HYpofractionateD RadioAblative (HYDRA) Treatment of Laryngeal CancerPHASE1RECRUITINGM.D. Anderson Cancer CenterPhase 1 only Small N (<50) Single country
NCT03556228VMD-928 Monotherapy and in Combination With Pembrolizumab to Treat TrkA Overexpression Driven Solid Tumors or LymphomaPHASE1 / PHASE2RECRUITINGVM Oncology, LLC
NCT06532279Testing the Addition of the Drug BMX-001, a Radioprotector, or a Placebo to the Usual Chemoradiation Therapy for Patients With Head and Neck CancerPHASE2RECRUITINGNRG OncologySingle country
NCT02734537Radiation Therapy With or Without Cisplatin in Treating Patients With Stage III-IVA Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Who Have Undergone SurgeryPHASE2RECRUITINGECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research GroupSurrogate endpoint only Single country

Verify recruitment status directly with the trial site. ctgov data can lag behind current UA-site status.

Option availability in Ukraine

Per-track UA registration · NSZU · cost · access pathway. Render-time metadata; engine selection does not depend on these fields (CHARTER §8.3).
OptionUA registrationNSZUCost orientationAccess pathway
Local therapy plan
Cisplatin concurrent with definitive RT (larynx-preservation CRT; RTOG 91-11) (REG-CISPLATIN-CONCURRENT-RT-LARYNX)
✓ registered✓ covered₴-? — verify pathwayNSZU formulary
Local therapy plan
No regimen components on this track — availability unknown
— unknown— unknown₴-? — verify pathwaynot recorded
Local therapy plan
No regimen components on this track — availability unknown
— unknown— unknown₴-? — verify pathwaynot recorded
Local therapy plan
No regimen components on this track — availability unknown
— unknown— unknown₴-? — verify pathwaynot recorded
Standard plan
Pembrolizumab + 5-FU + platinum (HNSCC R/M, 1L; PD-L1 CPS ≥1) (REG-PEMBRO-CHEMO-HNSCC-1L)
✓ registered✓ covered₴-? — verify pathwayNSZU formulary
Aggressive plan
Pembrolizumab monotherapy (HNSCC R/M, 1L; PD-L1 CPS ≥20) (REG-PEMBRO-MONO-HNSCC-1L)
✓ registered✓ covered₴-? — verify pathwayNSZU formulary
Standard plan
EXTREME (cetuximab + cisplatin/carboplatin + 5-FU; HNSCC R/M, 1L) (REG-EXTREME-HNSCC)
✓ registered✓ covered₴-? — verify pathwayNSZU formulary
Trial · NCT04671667
Testing What Happens When an Immunotherapy Drug (Pembrolizumab) is Given by Itself Compared to the Usual Treatment of Chemotherapy With Radiation After Surgery for Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
No UA site listed — international referral required
— unknown— unknown
self-pay: ₴0/course
Trial sponsor
Trial · NCT01810913
Testing Docetaxel-Cetuximab or the Addition of an Immunotherapy Drug, Atezolizumab, to the Usual Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy in High-Risk Head and Neck Cancer
No UA site listed — international referral required
— unknown— unknown
self-pay: ₴0/course
Trial sponsor
Trial · NCT06662058
Remote Audiometry to Monitor for Treatment-Related Hearing Loss in Patients With H&N SCC Receiving Cisplatin and/or Radiation
No UA site listed — international referral required
— unknown— unknown
self-pay: ₴0/course
Trial sponsor
Trial · NCT06914999
Comparing an Investigational Scan (F-18 NaF PET/CT) to Standard of Care Imaging (F-18 FDG PET/CT) for Evaluating Vascular Complications in Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer
No UA site listed — international referral required
— unknown— unknown
self-pay: ₴0/course
Trial sponsor
Trial · NCT06579248
Intraoral Hypothermia Device for Preserving Taste During Radiation
No UA site listed — international referral required
— unknown— unknown
self-pay: ₴0/course
Trial sponsor
Trial · NCT06648096
Afatinib in Patients With Fanconi Anemia (FA) and Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)
No UA site listed — international referral required
— unknown— unknown
self-pay: ₴0/course
Trial sponsor
Trial · NCT03114462
Trial of Stereotactic HYpofractionateD RadioAblative (HYDRA) Treatment of Laryngeal Cancer
No UA site listed — international referral required
— unknown— unknown
self-pay: ₴0/course
Trial sponsor
Trial · NCT03556228
VMD-928 Monotherapy and in Combination With Pembrolizumab to Treat TrkA Overexpression Driven Solid Tumors or Lymphoma
No UA site listed — international referral required
— unknown— unknown
self-pay: ₴0/course
Trial sponsor
Trial · NCT06532279
Testing the Addition of the Drug BMX-001, a Radioprotector, or a Placebo to the Usual Chemoradiation Therapy for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
No UA site listed — international referral required
— unknown— unknown
self-pay: ₴0/course
Trial sponsor
Trial · NCT02734537
Radiation Therapy With or Without Cisplatin in Treating Patients With Stage III-IVA Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Who Have Undergone Surgery
No UA site listed — international referral required
— unknown— unknown
self-pay: ₴0/course
Trial sponsor

Cost information is orientation. Verify with a specific pharmacy / foundation / trial site. Status updated: 2026-07-15.