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Regular consumption of maté (Ilex paraguariensis infusion) prepared and drunk at very hig...

Deterministic view of the source YAML entity. Clinical authority remains with the cited source IDs and reviewer sign-off state.

IDRF-LIFESTYLE-HOT-MATE-ESOPHAGEAL-PREVENTION
TypeRed flag
Statusreviewed 2026-05-19 | pending_clinical_signoff
DiseasesDIS-ESOPHAGEAL
SourcesSRC-NCCN-BCELL-2025 SRC-NCCN-ESOPHAGEAL-2025

Red Flag Origin

DefinitionRegular consumption of maté (Ilex paraguariensis infusion) prepared and drunk at very high temperatures (≥65°C / ≥149°F) — characteristic of traditional gourd-and-bombilla preparation in southern South America (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, southern Chile) and diaspora communities. IARC Monograph 116 (2016) classified drinking very hot beverages above 65°C as Group 2A (probably carcinogenic) — limited evidence in humans (consistent associations with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in maté-drinking, hot-tea, and hot-coffee cohorts, with residual confounding from tobacco / alcohol co-exposure not fully excluded), sufficient evidence in experimental animals (thermal injury → chronic inflammation → field carcinogenesis in rodent esophagus models). Important: at temperatures <60°C, no association is observed; maté per se (the herb / its phytochemicals) is NOT classified as carcino...
Clinical directioninvestigate
Categoryother

Trigger Logic

{
  "any_of": [
    {
      "finding": "very_hot_mate_consumption_ge_65c",
      "value": true
    },
    {
      "finding": "traditional_mate_culture_high_temperature_regular",
      "value": true
    }
  ],
  "type": "lab_value"
}

Notes

Prevention-persona RedFlag — v0.3 IARC 2A probable-carcinogen batch (2026-05-19). IARC Group 2A probable — limited human evidence; clinical recommendation more conservative than Group 1. IARC Monograph 116 (2016) is the canonical evidence anchor and is NOT yet a separate SRC entity in KB; cited in notes only. Coexistence with RF-LIFESTYLE-HOT-BEVERAGES-PREVENTION (predecessor generic-hot-beverages RF covering teas / coffees / water at ≥65°C across all regional traditions) is deliberate. This new RF is the maté-specific narrowing — fires on the highly characteristic gourd- and-bombilla preparation pattern with documented southern-South- American epidemiology, lets the engine surface culturally-tuned counseling (target audience: diaspora communities, immigrants from Argentina/Brazil/Paraguay/Uruguay/southern Chile). Both RFs may fire on the same patient when both thresholds are met; engine treats them as additive. Crucial framing point: the carcinogen is thermal injury, NOT maté per se. Counseling targets temperature (cool to <60°C / wait several minutes before drinking) NOT cessation of maté consumption. STUB pending two-Clinical-Co-Lead signoff per CHARTER §6.1 dev-mode exemption.

Used By

Indications