HTLV-1 (human T-lymphotropic virus type 1) infection (positive HTLV-1 serology or HTLV-1...

Deterministic view of the source YAML entity. Clinical authority remains with the cited source IDs and reviewer sign-off state.

ID	`RF-CHRONIC-HTLV-1-MALIGNANCY-PREVENTION`
Type	Red flag
Status	reviewed 2026-05-18 \| pending_clinical_signoff
Diseases	`DIS-ATLL`
Sources	`SRC-NCCN-BCELL-2025`

Red Flag Origin

Definition	HTLV-1 (human T-lymphotropic virus type 1) infection (positive HTLV-1 serology or HTLV-1 proviral DNA detectable) in an individual without a current ATLL (adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma) diagnosis. IARC Group 1 carcinogen (HTLV-1) — established etiological driver of ATLL (lifetime risk 2-5% in HTLV-1 carriers per Japanese and Caribbean cohort studies). No curative antiviral therapy exists; the prevention pathway is high-risk-carrier counseling, periodic hematologic surveillance (CBC + LDH q6-12mo, clonality testing if lymphocytosis develops), and transmission-prevention measures (avoid blood donation, breast-milk substitution where feasible). Prevention-persona RedFlag (§20 ratification 2026-05-18).
Clinical direction	investigate
Category	other

Trigger Logic

{
  "any_of": [
    {
      "finding": "htlv_1_status",
      "value": "positive"
    },
    {
      "finding": "htlv_1_serology",
      "value": "positive"
    },
    {
      "finding": "htlv_1_proviral_dna",
      "value": "detectable"
    }
  ],
  "type": "lab_value"
}

Notes

Prevention-persona RedFlag for HTLV-1-driven ATLL prevention. Unlike HCV/HBV/H. pylori, there is no curative regimen — the intervention is surveillance + transmission prevention, not cure. STUB pending Co-Lead review. Geographic context: HTLV-1 endemic regions include Japan (southwest), Caribbean basin, parts of sub-Saharan Africa, parts of South America, Middle East. Ukraine is low-prevalence; this RF is more relevant for diaspora patients or those with travel/origin from endemic regions.

Used By

Indications

IND-CHRONIC-HTLV-1-PREVENTION-OBSERVATION - IND-CHRONIC-HTLV-1-PREVENTION-OBSERVATION
IND-CHRONIC-HTLV-1-PREVENTION-SURVEILLANCE - IND-CHRONIC-HTLV-1-PREVENTION-SURVEILLANCE